Biology: (Bi:-all-ō-jē)生命科学
What is Biology?
什么是生命科学？
Biology is:
The natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms including their structure function growth origin evolution distribution and taxonomy.
生命科学是：
生命科学是研究生命现象以及生物体的结构，功能，生长，起源，进化，分布和分类的自然科学。
Biology is:
A vast subject containing many subdivisions topics and disciplines. Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology.
生命科学是：
生命科学涉及十分广泛学科分支，包含各种研究课题和研究方向。其中生命现象的五大共性是现代生物科学研究最重要的基础。
Attending Rema International’s A-Level Biology 101 course you will learn:
参加瑞玛国际A-Level生命科学课程，您可学到以下内容:
Characteristics of Life:
生命的特征
Explore the wide range of living organisms that inhabit the modern Earth. Give life a rigid definition to enable distinction between living and non-living entities.
探究地球上的各种各样的生命物种。给生命明确的定义用以区分生命体和非生命体。
》Five Unifying Principles of Life
生命现象的五大共性
》Foundation of Earth-d life Chemistry (Carbon)
地球生命的化学基础（碳）
》Explore non-traditional life
探究非传统定义的生命
Classification
生物的分类
Understand that all organisms belong to different ‘branches on the tree of life’. Explore the different branches and gain an in-depth knowledge of how modern biologists give order to the wide array of organisms currently in existence.
所有生命都属于生命分类树上的一个分支。探究不同分支和了解生物学家如何对广泛存在的各种生物进行分类
》Quick review of old / out-dated systems
简要回顾旧的分类系统
》Modern System (Kingdoms and Domains)
现代分类系统（各种生物界）
》Authorities
权威专家
》Globally Unique Identifiers for Names
全球统一的命名系统
》Brief look at Virus Classification Debate (pseudo-living)
简要介绍病毒分类存在的争议（类生命体）
Cell Structure and Movement within Cells
细胞结构和细胞内物质的运动
Explore the cell in detail to understand its microscopic features. Understand how different structures within a cell enable various processes to be carried out. Study and understand the movement in and out of cells.
研究细胞内的显微结构特征，理解细胞内各种结构与其功能的相互适应。学习和理解细胞内外的物质运输。
》Identify Major Parts of Cells
识别细胞内各个重要组成部分
》Difference between Plant and Animal Cells
植物和动物细胞的区别
》Identify Different Types of Cells
识别不同类型的细胞
》Roles of Different Cells
不同细胞的功能
》Diffusion
扩散
》Active Transport
主动运输
》Passive Transport
被动运输
》Osmosis
渗透
Enzymes
酶
Take an in-depth look at the composition and actions of enzymes in organisms. Understand why organisms need enzymes for essential daily activities and why they are key for life.
研究生物体内的酶的组成和作用方式。理解为什么生物日常活动离不开酶。理解为什么酶是生命的关键。
》Function within organisms
酶在生物中的作用
》Biological Catalyst
生物催化剂
》Alterations in pH pH
值改变对酶的影响
》'Lock and Key’ Model
“钥匙和锁”的模型
》Physical Appearance
酶的物理特征
》Uses in Pharma-Industry
酶在制药工业中的应用
Nutrition
营养物质
Understand what organisms need in order to function in a proper manner (chemically and physically). Explore the needs of different types of organisms and explore how organisms are able to synthesize essential nutrients not found in their habitats.
理解生物需要什么物质来确保生物的（化学和物理）功能。探究不同生物种类的需求，以及生物是如何自身合成他们从居住生境中没法获得的基本营养物质。
》Carbohydrates 
糖类
》Fats / Oils
脂肪/ 油
》Proteins
蛋白质
》Starch Glycogen and other Simple Sugars
淀粉，糖原，以及其他简单的糖类
》Amino Acids Fatty Acids and Glycerol
氨基酸，脂肪酸和丙三醇
》Vitamins and Minerals
维生素和矿物质
》Salts and Trace Elements
盐类和微量元素
》Fibre
纤维
》Plant Nutrition vs. Animal Nutrition
植物的营养物质和动物的营养物质
》Absorbtion
营养的吸收
Respiration
呼吸
Explore the function of respiration and its impact on organisms. Understand the different methods and types of respiration and how it can influence organisms. Look at how gases are used within different organisms and how organisms are able to conduct complex gaseous chemical reactions.
探究呼吸功能以及呼吸对生物的影响。理解生物呼吸的不同方法和不同类型，以及呼吸是如何影响生物的。了解不同生物是如何利用气体的以及生物是如何进行复杂的气体化学反应的。
》Biological Definition
呼吸的生物定义
》Breakdown of Nutritious Molecules
分解营养分子
》Aerobic Respiration
有氧呼吸
》Anaerobic Respiration
无氧呼吸
》Gaseous Exchange
气体交换
Reproduction
繁殖
All organisms have a finite life-span thus the need to procreate is paramount. Explore the fundamental aspects of reproduction including physical organ (in plants and animals) and genetic inheritance.
所有生物都有有限的生命周期所以繁殖后代非常重要。探究繁殖系统基本要素包括的各个生理器官（植物的和动物的）以及基因遗传。
》Asexual Reproduction
无性繁殖
》Sexual Reproduction (plants and animals)
有性繁殖（植物和动物）
》Hormones
激素
》Birth Control / STD
出生控制/STD
》Genetic Traits
遗传特征
》Mutations
突变
